Abstract
Due to their complex structure, 2-D models are challenging to work with; additionally, simulation, analysis, design, and control get increasingly difficult as the order of the model grows. Moreover, in particular time intervals, Gawronski and Juang’s time-limited model reduction schemes produce an unstable reduced-order model for the 2-D and 1-D models. Researchers revealed some stability preservation solutions to address this key flaw which ensure the stability of 1-D reduced-order systems; nevertheless, these strategies result in large approximation errors. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no literature available for the stability preserving time-limited-interval Gramian-based model reduction framework for the 2-D discrete-time systems. In this article, 2-D models are decomposed into two separate sub-models (i.e., two cascaded 1-D models) using the condition of minimal rank-decomposition. Model reduction procedures are conducted on these obtained two 1-D sub-models using limited-time Gramian. The suggested methodology works for both 2-D and 1-D models. Moreover, the suggested methodology gives the stability of the reduced model as well as a priori error-bound expressions for the 2-D and 1-D models. Numerical results and comparisons between existing and suggested methodologies are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested methodology.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no data-sets were generated or analysed during the current study.
References
Wang, Q., Zhong, T., Wong, N., & Wang, Q. (2011). Hilbert–schmidt–hankel norm model reduction for matrix second-order linear systems. Journal of Control Theory and Applications, 9(4), 571–578.
Gan, Y., Jiao, T., & Wonham, W. (2018). Queue reduction in discrete-event systems by relabeling. Control Theory and Technology, 16(3), 232–240.
Hirata, M., Ishizuki, S., & Suzuki, M. (2017). Two-degree-of-freedom h-infinity control of combustion in diesel engine using a discrete dynamics model. Control Theory and Technology, 15(2), 109–116.
Batool, S., Imran, M., & Ahmad, M. I. (2022). Accuracy enhancing model reduction technique for weighted and limited interval systems with error bound. Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems, 33, 1–13.
Batool, S., & Imran, M. (2021). Stability preserving model reduction technique for weighted and limited interval discrete-time systems with error bound. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 68(10), 3281–3285.
Batool, S., Imran, M., Elahi, E., Maqbool, A., & Gilani, S. A. A. (2021). Development of an improved frequency limited model order reduction technique and error bound for discrete-time systems. Radioengineering, 30(4), 729.
Batool, S., Imran, M., & Ahmad, M.I. (2021). Development of model reduction technique for weighted and limited-intervals gramians for discrete-time systems via balanced structure with error bound. International Journal of Dynamics and Control, 10, 1109–1118.
Bashir, S., Imran, M., Batool, S., Ahmad, M. I., Malik, F. M., Salman, M., et al. (2021). Frequency limited & weighted model reduction algorithm with error bound: Application to discrete-time doubly fed induction generator based wind turbines for power system. IEEE Access, 9, 9505–9534.
Bashir, S., Batool, S., Imran, M., Ahmad, M. I., Malik, F. M., & Ali, U. (2021). Development of frequency weighted model reduction algorithm with error bound: Application to doubly fed induction generator based wind turbines for power system. Electronics, 10(1), 44.
Bashir, S., Batool, S., Imran, M., & Ali, U. (2020). Development of frequency limited model reduction algorithm with error bound and application to continuous-time variable-speed wind turbines for power system. In: 2020 Australian and New Zealand Control Conference (ANZCC), pp. 154–159. Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
Imran, M., & Ahmad, M. I. (2022). Development of frequency weighted model order reduction techniques for discrete-time one-dimensional and two-dimensional linear systems with error bounds. IEEE Access, 10, 15096–15117.
Imran, M., & Ghafoor, A. (2021). Stability preserving model reduction technique for 1-d and 2-d systems with error bounds. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 69(3), 1084–10888.
Imran, M., & Ghafoor, I.M. Abdul: (2021). Transformation of 2D roesser into causal recursive separable denominator model and decomposition into 1D systems. Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing 40, 3561–3572.
Karashurov, S. (2007). Multi-channel and multi dimensional system and method. Google Patents. US Patent App. 11/220,729.
Oberst, U. (1990). Multidimensional constant linear systems. Acta Applicandae Mathematica, 20(1–2), 1–175.
Soltanian, L., & Cantoni, M. (2012). A 2-d roesser model for automated irrigation channels and tools for practical stability and performance analysis. In: 2012 2nd Australian Control Conference, pp. 48–53. Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Sumanasena, B., & Bauer, P. H. (2011). Realization using the roesser model for implementations in distributed grid sensor networks. Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing, 22(1), 131–146.
Lanning, W., Weiqun, W., Weimin, C., & Guangchen, Z. (2015). Finite frequency fault detection observer design for 2-d continuous-discrete systems in roesser model. In: 2015 34th Chinese Control Conference (CCC), pp. 6147–6152. Hangzhou, China.
Meng, D., Jia, Y., Du, J., & Yu, F. (2011). Data-driven control for relative degree systems via iterative learning. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 22(12), 2213–2225.
Moore, B. (1981). Principal component analysis in linear systems: Controllability, observability, and model reduction. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 26(1), 17–32.
Enns, D.F. (1984). Model reduction with balanced realizations: An error bound and a frequency weighted generalization. In: The 23rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, pp. 127–132. Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Oppenheim A.V. (1999). Discrete-time Signal Processing. India: Pearson Education.
Gawronski, W., & Juang, J.-N. (1990). Model reduction in limited time and frequency intervals. International Journal of Systems Science, 21(2), 349–376.
Sreeram, V., Anderson, B., & Madievski, A. (1995). New results on frequency weighted balanced reduction technique. In: Proceedings of 1995 American Control Conference-ACC’95, pp. 4004–4009. Seattle, WA, USA.
Ghafoor, A., & Sreeram, V. (2008). Model reduction via limited frequency interval gramians. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 55(9), 2806–2812.
Imran, M., & Abdul, G. (2015). A frequency limited interval gramians-based model reduction technique with error bounds. Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing, 34(11), 3505–3519.
Imran, M., Ghafoor, A., & Imran, M. (2017). Frequency limited model reduction techniques with error bounds. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 65(1), 86–90.
Roesser, R. (1975). A discrete state-space model for linear image processing. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 20(1), 1–10.
Imran, M., Ghafoor, A., Zulfiqar, U., & Sreeram, V. (2018) Model reduction of discrete time systems using time limited gramians. In: 2018 Australian & New Zealand Control Conference (ANZCC), pp. 22–26. Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
M. Imran and S. H. Ambreen contributed equally to this work.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Imran, M., Ambreen, S.H., Hamdani, S.N. et al. Development of stability-preserving time-limited model reduction framework for 2-D and 1-D models with error bound. Control Theory Technol. 20, 371–381 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11768-022-00109-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11768-022-00109-8